# mustache.js — Logic-less templates with JavaScript

> What could be more logical awesome than no logic at all?

For a list of implementations (other than JavaScript) and editor
plugins, see <http://mustache.github.com/>.


## Where to Use?

You can use mustache.js rendering stuff in various scenarios. E.g. you can
render templates in your browser, or rendering server-side stuff with
[node.js][node.js], use it for rendering stuff in [CouchDB][couchdb]’s views.


## Who Uses Mustache?

An updated list is kept on the Github wiki. Add yourself, if you use
mustache.js: <http://wiki.github.com/janl/mustache.js/beard-competition>


## Usage

A quick example how to use mustache.js:

    var view = {
      title: "Joe",
      calc: function() {
        return 2 + 4;
      }
    }

    var template = "{{title}} spends {{calc}}";

    var html = Mustache.to_html(template, view);

`template` is a simple string with mustache tags and `view` is a JavaScript
object containing the data and any code to render the template.


## Template Tag Types

There are several types of tags currently implemented in mustache.js.

For a language-agnostic overview of Mustache’s template syntax, see the
`mustache(5)` manpage or <http://mustache.github.com/mustache.5.html>.

### Simple Tags

Tags are always surrounded by mustaches like this `{{foobar}}`.

    var view = {name: "Joe", say_hello: function(){ return "hello" }}

    template = "{{say_hello}}, {{name}}"


### Conditional Sections

Conditional sections begin with `{{#condition}}` and end with
`{{/condition}}`. When `condition` evaluates to true, the section is rendered,
otherwise the whole block will output nothing at all. `condition` may be a
function returning true/false or a simple boolean.

    var view = {condition: function() {
      // [...your code goes here...]
      return true;
    }}

    {{#condition}}
      I will be visible if condition is true
    {{/condition}}


### Enumerable Sections

Enumerable Sections use the same syntax as condition sections do.
`{{#shopping_items}}` and `{{/shopping_items}}`. Actually the view decides how
mustache.js renders the section. If the view returns an array, it will
iterator over the items. Use `{{.}}` to access the current item inside the
enumeration section.

    var view = {name: "Joe's shopping card",
                items: ["bananas", "apples"]}

    var template = "{{name}}: <ul> {{#items}}<li>{{.}}</li>{{/items}} </ul>"

    Outputs:
    Joe's shopping card: <ul><li>bananas</li><li>apples</li></ul>


### Higher Order Sections

If a section key returns a function, it will be called and passed both the
unrendered block of text and a renderer convenience function.

Given this JS:

    "name": "Tater",
    "bolder": function() {
      return function(text, render) {
        return "<b>" + render(text) + '</b>'
      }
    }

And this template:

    {{#bolder}}Hi {{name}}.{{/bolder}}

We'll get this output:

    <b>Hi Tater.</b>

As you can see, we’re pre-processing the text in the block. This can be used
to implement caching, filters (like syntax highlighting), etc.

You can use `this.name` to access the attribute `name` from your view.

### Dereferencing Section

If you have a nested object structure in your view, it can sometimes be easier
to use sections like this:

    var objects = {
      a_object: {
        title: 'this is an object',
        description: 'one of its attributes is a list',
        a_list: [{label: 'listitem1'}, {label: 'listitem2'}]
      }
    };

This is our template:

    {{#a_object}}
      <h1>{{title}}</h1>
      <p>{{description}}</p>
      <ul>
        {{#a_list}}
          <li>{{label}}</li>
        {{/a_list}}
      </ul>
    {{/a_object}}

Here is the result:

    <h1>this is an object</h1>
      <p>one of its attributes is a list</p>
      <ul>
        <li>listitem1</li>
        <li>listitem2</li>
      </ul>

### Inverted Sections

An inverted section opens with `{{^section}}` instead of `{{#section}}` and
uses a boolean negative to evaluate. Empty arrays are considered falsy.

View:

    var inverted_section =  {
      "repo": []
    }

Template:

    {{#repo}}<b>{{name}}</b>{{/repo}}
    {{^repo}}No repos :({{/repo}}

Result:

    No repos :(


### View Partials

mustache.js supports a quite powerful but yet simple view partial mechanism.
Use the following syntax for partials: `{{>partial_name}}`

    var view = {
      name: "Joe",
      winnings: {
        value: 1000,
        taxed_value: function() {
            return this.value - (this.value * 0.4);
        }
      }
    };

    var template = "Welcome, {{name}}! {{>winnings}}"
    var partials = {
      winnings: "You just won ${{value}} (which is ${{taxed_value}} after tax)"};

    var output = Mustache.to_html(template, view, partials)

    output will be:
    Welcome, Joe! You just won $1000 (which is $600 after tax)

You invoke a partial with `{{>winnings}}`. Invoking the partial `winnings`
will tell mustache.js to look for a object in the context's property
`winnings`. It will then use that object as the context for the template found
in `partials` for `winnings`.

## Escaping

mustache.js does escape all values when using the standard double mustache
syntax. Characters which will be escaped: `& \ " ' < >`. To disable escaping,
simply use triple mustaches like `{{{unescaped_variable}}}`.

Example: Using `{{variable}}` inside a template for `5 > 2` will result in `5 &gt; 2`, where as the usage of `{{{variable}}}` will result in `5 > 2`.


## Streaming

To stream template results out of mustache.js, you can pass an optional
`send()` callback to the `to_html()` call:

    Mustache.to_html(template, view, partials, function(line) {
      print(line);
    });


## Pragmas

Pragma tags let you alter the behaviour of mustache.js. They have the format
of

    {{%PRAGMANAME}}

and they accept options:

    {{%PRAGMANAME option=value}}


### IMPLICIT-ITERATOR

When using a block to iterate over an enumerable (Array), mustache.js expects
an objects as enumerable items. The implicit iterator pragma enables optional
behaviour of allowing literals as enumerable items. Consider this view:

    var view = {
      foo: [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, "french"]
    };

The following template can iterate over the member `foo`:

    {{%IMPLICIT-ITERATOR}}
    {{#foo}}
      {{.}}
    {{/foo}}

If you don't like the dot in there, the pragma accepts an option to set your
own iteration marker:

    {{%IMPLICIT-ITERATOR iterator=bob}}
    {{#foo}}
      {{bob}}
    {{/foo}}

## F.A.Q.

### Why doesn’t Mustache allow dot notation like `{{variable.member}}`?

The reason is given in the [mustache.rb
bugtracker](http://github.com/defunkt/mustache/issues/issue/6).

Mustache implementations strive to be template-compatible.


## More Examples and Documentation

See `examples/` for more goodies and read the [original mustache docs][m]

## Command Line

See `mustache(1)` man page or
<http://defunkt.github.com/mustache/mustache.1.html>
for command line docs.

Or just install it as a RubyGem:

    $ gem install mustache
    $ mustache -h

[m]: http://github.com/defunkt/mustache/#readme
[node.js]: http://nodejs.org
[couchdb]: http://couchdb.apache.org


## Plugins for jQuery, Dojo, Yui, CommonJS, qooxdoo

This repository lets you build modules for [jQuery][], [Dojo][], [Yui][] and
[CommonJS][] / [Node.js][] with the help of `rake`. You may need to install
rspec first by running `gem install rspec`.

Run `rake jquery` to get a jQuery compatible plugin file in the
`mustache-jquery/` directory.

Run `rake dojo` to get a Dojo compatible plugin file in the `mustache-dojo/`
directory.

Run `rake yui` to get a Yui compatible plugin file in the `mustache-yui/`
directory.

Run `rake commonjs` to get a CommonJS compatible plugin file in the
`mustache-commonjs/` directory which you can also use with [Node.js][].

Run `rake qooxdoo` to get a qooxdoo compatible file named `qooxdoo.mustache.js`.

## Testing

To run the mustache.js test suite, run `rake spec`.  All specs will be run first with JavaScriptCore (using `jsc`)
and again with Rhino, using `java org.mozilla.javascript.tools.shell.Main`.

JavaScriptCore is used from the OSX default location:

    /System/Library/Frameworks/JavaScriptCore.framework/Versions/A/Resources/jsc

To install Rhino on OSX, follow [these instructions](Rhino Install).

### Adding Tests

Tests are located in the `examples/` directory.  Adding a new test requires three files.  Here's an example to add a test named "foo":

`examples/foo.html` (the template):

    foo {{bar}}

`examples/foo.js` (the view context):

    var foo = {
      bar: "baz"
    };

`examples/foo.txt` (the expected output):

    foo baz

[jQuery]: http://jquery.com/
[Dojo]: http://www.dojotoolkit.org/
[Yui]: http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/
[CommonJS]: http://www.commonjs.org/
[Node.js]: http://nodejs.org/
[Rhino Install]: http://michaux.ca/articles/installing-rhino-on-os-x